Hepatic Cholestasis
Bile acids and their salts have essential functions in the liver and small intestine. Synthesis of bile acids in the liver provides a major catabolic pathway for cholesterol. In the intestine, bile salts aid in the emulsification of lipids and solubilization of essential nutrients and vitamins. The secretion of bile normally depends on the function of membrane transporters in the hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. The coordinated action of these transporters is crucial to hepatic drug clearance, biliary secretion of cholephilic compounds and xenobiotics...
Pathway Summary
Bile acids and their salts have essential functions in the liver and small intestine. Synthesis of bile acids in the liver provides a major catabolic pathway for cholesterol. In the intestine, bile salts aid in the emulsification of lipids and solubilization of essential nutrients and vitamins. The secretion of bile normally depends on the function of membrane transporters in the hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. The coordinated action of these transporters is crucial to hepatic drug clearance, biliary secretion of cholephilic compounds and xenobiotics. Manydrugs and their metabolites inhibit the hepatobiliary transport system. In addition to direct drug inhibition, the function of these transporters can be compromised by metabolic, autoimmune, infectious or genetic disorders. The impairment of bile flow in the liver is called hepatic cholestasis, which is clinically characterized by elevated plasma concentrations of cytotoxic biliary constituents, malabsorption of fats and liver damage.
Hepatic Cholestasis Genes list
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ABCB1ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 ABCB11ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 ABCB4ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 4 ABCC1ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 ABCC2ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 ABCC3ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 ABCG5ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 5 ABCG8ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 8 ADCY1adenylate cyclase 1 ADCY10adenylate cyclase 10 ADCY2adenylate cyclase 2 ADCY3adenylate cyclase 3 ADCY4adenylate cyclase 4 ADCY5adenylate cyclase 5 ADCY6adenylate cyclase 6 ADCY7adenylate cyclase 7 ADCY8adenylate cyclase 8 ADCY9adenylate cyclase 9 ATP8B1ATPase phospholipid transporting 8B1 CAMPcathelicidin antimicrobial peptide CCL4C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 CD14CD14 molecule CD40LGCD40 ligand CD70CD70 molecule CETPcholesteryl ester transfer protein CHUKcomponent of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase complex CLCF1cardiotrophin like cytokine factor 1 CNTFciliary neurotrophic factor CSF2colony stimulating factor 2 CXCL8C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 CYP27A1cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1 CYP7A1cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 CYP7B1cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1 CYP8B1cytochrome P450 family 8 subfamily B member 1 EDAectodysplasin A ELP1elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 1 ESR1estrogen receptor 1 FABP6fatty acid binding protein 6 FASLGFas ligand FGF19fibroblast growth factor 19 FGFR4fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 GCGglucagon GCGRglucagon receptor GUCY1A1guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit alpha 1 GUCY1B1guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 1 HNF1AHNF1 homeobox A HNF4Ahepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha HSD3B7hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 7 IFNGinterferon gamma IKBKBinhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta IKBKEinhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit epsilon IKBKGinhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma IL11interleukin 11 IL12Ainterleukin 12A IL12Binterleukin 12B IL13interleukin 13 IL15interleukin 15 IL17Ainterleukin 17A IL17Binterleukin 17B IL17Cinterleukin 17C IL17Dinterleukin 17D IL17Finterleukin 17F IL18interleukin 18 IL18RAPinterleukin 18 receptor accessory protein IL1Ainterleukin 1 alpha IL1Binterleukin 1 beta IL1F10interleukin 1 family member 10 IL1R1interleukin 1 receptor type 1 IL1R2interleukin 1 receptor type 2 IL1RAPinterleukin 1 receptor accessory protein IL1RAPL1interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein like 1 IL1RAPL2interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein like 2 IL1RL1interleukin 1 receptor like 1 IL1RL2interleukin 1 receptor like 2 IL1RNinterleukin 1 receptor antagonist IL2interleukin 2 IL21interleukin 21 IL25interleukin 25 IL3interleukin 3 IL31interleukin 31 IL33interleukin 33 IL36Ainterleukin 36 alpha IL36Binterleukin 36 beta IL36Ginterleukin 36 gamma IL36RNinterleukin 36 receptor antagonist IL37interleukin 37 IL4interleukin 4 IL5interleukin 5 IL6interleukin 6 INSinsulin INSRinsulin receptor IRAK1interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 1 IRAK2interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 2 IRAK3interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 3 IRAK4interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4 JUNJun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit LBPlipopolysaccharide binding protein LEPleptin LIFLIF interleukin 6 family cytokine LTAlymphotoxin alpha LTBlymphotoxin beta LY96lymphocyte antigen 96 MAP2K4mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 MAP3K14mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 MAP3K4mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 MAP3K7mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 MAP4K2mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 2 MAPK10mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 MAPK12mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 MAPK8mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 MAPK9mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 MYD88MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor NFKB1nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 NFKB2nuclear factor kappa B subunit 2 NFKBIANFKB inhibitor alpha NFKBIBNFKB inhibitor beta NFKBIDNFKB inhibitor delta NFKBIENFKB inhibitor epsilon NGFRnerve growth factor receptor NR0B2nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2 NR1H2nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 2 NR1H3nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3 NR1H4nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4 NR1I2nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 NR5A2nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 OSMoncostatin M PPARAperoxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha PPRC1PPARG related coactivator 1 PRKACAprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha PRKACBprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta PRKACGprotein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit gamma PRKAG1protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 1 PRKAG2protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 2 PRKAR1Aprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha PRKAR1Bprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit beta PRKAR2Aprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit alpha PRKAR2Bprotein kinase cAMP-dependent type II regulatory subunit beta PRKCAprotein kinase C alpha PRKCBprotein kinase C beta PRKCDprotein kinase C delta PRKCEprotein kinase C epsilon PRKCGprotein kinase C gamma PRKCHprotein kinase C eta PRKCIprotein kinase C iota PRKCQprotein kinase C theta PRKCZprotein kinase C zeta PRKD1protein kinase D1 PRKD3protein kinase D3 RARAretinoic acid receptor alpha RELREL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit RELARELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit RELBRELB proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit RXRAretinoid X receptor alpha SLC10A1solute carrier family 10 member 1 SLC10A2solute carrier family 10 member 2 SLC22A6solute carrier family 22 member 6 SLC22A7solute carrier family 22 member 7 SLC4A2solute carrier family 4 member 2 SLCO1A2solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 SLCO1B1solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 SLCO1B3solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3 SLCO1C1solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 SLCO3A1solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 TGFB1transforming growth factor beta 1 TGFB2transforming growth factor beta 2 TGFB3transforming growth factor beta 3 TIRAPTIR domain containing adaptor protein TJP2tight junction protein 2 TLR4toll like receptor 4 TNFtumor necrosis factor TNFRSF11BTNF receptor superfamily member 11b TNFRSF1ATNF receptor superfamily member 1A TNFRSF1BTNF receptor superfamily member 1B TNFSF10TNF superfamily member 10 TNFSF11TNF superfamily member 11 TNFSF12TNF superfamily member 12 TNFSF13TNF superfamily member 13 TNFSF13BTNF superfamily member 13b TNFSF14TNF superfamily member 14 TNFSF15TNF superfamily member 15 TNFSF4TNF superfamily member 4 TNFSF8TNF superfamily member 8 TNFSF9TNF superfamily member 9 TRAF2TNF receptor associated factor 2 TRAF6TNF receptor associated factor 6
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